打印层厚度对FDM薄板固有特性的影响

针对不同打印层厚度对熔融沉积成型(fused deposition modeling,简称FDM)薄板固有特性的影响规律及相应的机理进行了研究。首先,以悬臂边界条件下的FDM薄板为研究对象,创建了固有特性理论模型;其次,完成了薄板样件的制备,同时搭建了样件的动力学测试系统,实验研究了样件的固有特性参数;最后,对比分析理论与实验结果,以验证理论模型的正确性。研究结果表明,所建模型可以准确预测FDM薄板结构的固有特征参数;打印层越厚,样件的固有频率越高,但其模态振型不会随着打印层厚度的变化而变化。该研究为提高FDM产品动力学性能提供了理论基础和技术支持。     

橡塑往复密封性能参数数值求解流程与物理模型探讨

橡塑往复密封的密封寿命通常是通过膜厚、承载力、泄漏率、磨损率等参数以表征。为获取上述参数,佐治亚大学SALANT提出橡塑往复密封模型建立和数值计算求解流程。为更好地理解与应用该方法,从橡塑往复密封物理结构、数值求解流程、Reynolds方程建立、方程约束边界建立、GW接触模型建立、力载平衡等6个方面系统地分析其特点与不完备之处,并从6个方面探讨数值求解流程和数值模拟的修正方法;提出密封模型修正方法,给出修正后密封数值求解流程,使得计算结果更好地与实际工作性能相吻合,并能较好地揭示密封机制。     

Microwave pyrolysis of polystyrene and polypropylene mixtures using different activated carbon from biomass

In this study, microwave pyrolysis was experimented with mixed types of plastic waste. Two different plastic wastes polystyrene waste (PSW) and polypropylene waste (PPW) were used as feedstock. Carbon and activated carbon were synthesized from different biomass; rice husk (RH), corn husk (CH) and coconut sheath (CS) respectively which are used as microwave susceptors. The effect of impregnation on product yields was studied. Microwave pyrolysis at 900 W and with a polymer to an absorbent ratio of 10:1, produced the highest oil yield of 84.30 wt% when coconut sheath activated carbon (CSAC) was used as an absorbent. The reaction time was 10 min for the complete decomposition of polymer mixtures. Oil properties were determined and a high calorific value of 46.87 MJ kg⁻¹ was obtained. These properties were compared to conventional fuel properties and the product oil has a density of 0.76 g ml⁻¹ and viscosity of 2.4 cSt which is an equivalent fraction obtained to that of gasoline. Product oil has a styrene recovery of 67.58% from microwave pyrolysis. The results demonstrate that, microwave pyrolysis has a great potential for energy recovery from mixed plastic waste and the use of agricultural residues as absorbents enhanced the production efficiency of the process.     

古建筑物维修用聚合物抗裂抹灰砂浆的配合比和性能研究

采用正交试验的方法,研究了胶砂比、胶凝材料组成、速凝剂掺量、胶粉掺量对一种修复古建筑物用聚合物抗裂抹灰砂浆的抗压强度、压折强度比、收缩率和拉伸黏结强度等性质的影响,并给出了性能优化的配合比。     

Composite mixed matrix membranes incorporating microporous carbon molecular sieve as filler in polyethersulfone for CO2/CH4 separation

Membrane technology has been considered a key factor for sustainable growth in high-efficiency gas separation. Current mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) technology is rising, but these membranes in the dense structure are having difficulties in operating at high pressures and scale up for commercialization. The purpose of this research is to synthesize composite MMMs (CMMMs) consisting of polyethersulfone (PES), carbon molecular sieve (CMS 1–5 wt %), and Novatex 2471 nonwoven fabric (support layer). The membranes' physical, chemical, and thermal properties were evaluated by different analytical equipment. The morphology of both PES and PES-CMS composite membranes had a porous and asymmetric structure, in which CMS was uniformly distributed in the polymer matrix. The thermal properties showed that the membranes were stable up to 350 °C with a single glass transition temperature. The functional groups in the membrane were confirmed by spectral analysis. The gas performance results showed that carbon dioxide permeance increased with increased CMS concentration and methane permeance decreased due to the hindering effect of CMS under similar operating conditions. The highest selectivity achieved was 12.774 using CMMM of 5 wt % of CMS at 10 bar, which on average was 137.80%, improved selectivity compared to pure PES membrane. The support layer was able to withstand high operating pressures and showed the ability to scale up. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48476.     

Determination of Metastable Zone Width and Nucleation Induction Period of Palm Oil and its Olein/Stearin in Melting Layer Crystallization

Measurement methods of metastable zone width (MZW) and nucleation induction time for melting layer crystallization of palm oil (PO) and its olein/stearin (POL/PST) were established, and the effects of cooling rate (corresponding to various supercoolings) on MZWs and induction time for melting layer crystallization of PO, POL, and PST were determined. The results indicated that the MZW coherently rose with increasing cooling rates with respect to PO and POL, while it declined with higher cooling rates for PST. The induction period results demonstrated that the nucleation induction periods of PO, PST, and POL decreased with increasing supercoolings, and the lag time for nucleation negatively correlated to the melting point of oils at the same supercooling. These data could offer significant instruction in designing and controlling the melting layer crystallization process for palm oil.     

Thermal annealing characteristics of solar selective absorber coatings based on nano-multilayered MoOx films

Designing double metal-dielectric (cermet) solar selective absorber coatings (SSACs) often requires complex co-sputtering techniques with multiple targets. This inevitably limits the simple and low-cost industrial fabrication. Here, we develop novel nano-multilayered MoO_x-based SSACs by simple and stable one-step reactive magnetron sputtering process using single molybdenum target. The proposed multilayer SSACs exhibit good solar absorptance of 0.93 and low thermal emittance of 0.06. Owing to the temperature-induced oxygen diffusion and oxidation phenomenon the as-sputtered SSACs have a poor thermal tolerance under air atmosphere, and after annealing at 200 °C for 150 h, the resulting absorptance is diminished from 0.93 to 0.90. However, the optical performance of the annealed SSAC is relatively stable in high-vacuum environment, even after annealing at 450 °C for 200 h, it still displays an ideal spectral selectivity of 0.92/0.07. With above properties, the resulting MoO_x-based SSAC is a promising absorber for enduring thermal harvesting in solar vacuum collectors.     

Ni对铁基合金粉块氩弧堆焊层组织和性能的影响

通过氩弧焊在基体材料Q235钢板上熔敷铁合金混合粉末压块,研究了压块成分及堆焊工艺对堆焊层组织及性能的影响。结果表明:在固定压块粉末总质量为16 g、镍铁含量为0.64 g、堆焊电流为180 A时,堆焊层的硬度最大,达到HRC48.9;耐磨性最高,相对磨损量为0.013 4 g/(cm^2·min)。     

低碳钢电弧熔覆增材层摩擦磨损及抗腐蚀性能

目的 针对低碳钢零件的破损失效采用TIG焊电弧熔覆增材制造工艺，研究低碳钢电弧熔覆修复使其达到再制造零件性能要求的可行性，为实现TIG焊修复应用提供保证。方法 通过TIG焊熔覆在低碳钢坡口处，对熔覆接头的显微组织进行分析，并测试修复后的增材层表面硬度性能。使用Nanovea Tribometer摩擦磨损仪和NanoveaPS50表面轮廓仪，对基体和增材层进行摩擦性能测试，并表征摩擦磨损后的表面形貌，探究磨损机理。采用电化学工作站对基体和增材层的腐蚀性能进行分析。结果 修复后的增材层显微硬度（220.17HV）高于基体且其摩擦性能和腐蚀性能优于基体，随着磨损载荷的增加，增材层的摩擦系数逐渐降低，磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损。增材层表面组织均匀细小，在NaCl溶液中点蚀坑小且分散，增材层的腐蚀电流密度（1.8349×10-6 A/cm2）小于基体的腐蚀电流密度（6.5251×10-5 A/cm2），增材层表面的抗腐蚀能力明显提高。结论 电弧熔覆低碳钢可满足低碳钢零部件现场电弧快速修复对再制造性能的要求，实现了低碳钢破损零部件的表面修复与强化。     

热变形对GH4169合金中NbC析出相尺寸形貌影响研究

通过Gleeble3500热模拟试验机进行热压缩试验并结合微观组织观察和统计分析，研究了热变形对GH4169合金中NbC颗粒尺寸形貌、分布特征的影响规律。研究表明压缩过程中的绝热效应会导致试样心部温度的进一步升高，从而为变形过程中的NbC回溶提供条件。NbC颗粒与基体在变形过程中形成的高位错密度区促进了元素的扩散，并加速了小曲率半径的尖角区域回溶和钝化。随变形量的增加NbC回溶趋势增加，其平均尺寸与体积分数均呈降低趋势。变形过程金属流动会促进NbC颗粒的位移，在70%的变形量下，NbC颗粒平均间距增加趋势显著高于30%和50%变形量试样。因此随变形量的增加，NbC颗粒有从链状→链条弯曲→链条方向改变→弥散分布的分布特征，促进基体中原链状NbC呈细小、弥散分布。研究结果为GH4169闪光焊接性能的提高提供了直接的参考。